Nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome

Common renal symptoms :

1. Renal mass
2. Hematuria
3. Oliguria
4. Renal colic
5. Dysuria
6. Frequency of micturition
7. Polyruria


Acute Nephritic Syndrome

-characterised by the sudden onset of:
1. hematuria
2. oliguria
3. hypertension
4. edema

-one of the common causes of acute nephritic syndrome is acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis


Nephrotic Syndrome

-characterised by the following :
1. proteinuria (>3.5g in 24hrs)
2. hypoalbuminemia
3. generalised edema
4. hyperlipidemia

-causes :
1. Primary
-idiopathic glomerular diseases like membranous glomerulonephritis,
focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis

2. Secondary
-Infections (bacterial endocarditis, malaria, syphilis)
-Connective tissue diseases (SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis)
-Neoplasms (Hodgkins, leukemias)
-Drugs (penicillamine, captopril)
-Metabolic (diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis)

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