In response to their 2008 statement, the ASHG Ancestry Testing Task Force is publishing a follow-up white paper report in the American Journal of Human Genetics on May 14, 2010. This report provides an in-depth analysis of key scientific and nonscientific aspects of genetic ancestry inference prevalent in academia and industry. It also offers recommendations for advancing the current debate and facilitating the development of scientifically based guidelines concerning the use of these evolving technologies.