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Auscultation is one of the most important and effective clinical techniques for evaluating a patient’s respiratory pathology. You will find description of various respiratory auscultation findings with audio examples in this article.
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Apex beat is the palpable cardiac impulse. It is also defined as the lowermost and outermost (most lateral and most inferior) prominent cardiac pulsation. Examination of this cardiac impulse can give valuable inputs into the diagnosis of cardiac disease.
Synonyms: Apex impulse; Point of Maximal Impulse (PMI)
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific test for inflammation. It is easy to perform, widely available and inexpensive making it a widely used screening test. It is also used a monitoring tool for response to treatment in conditions in which it is raised (tuberculosis, autoimmune diseases etc).
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